Finally, to test the effective correlation between Akkermansia muciniphila and response to PD-1/PDL-1 inhibitors, an oral transposition of fecal microbiome of R and NR patients on germ-free murine models with no intestinal microbiome was made, demonstrating best responses to ICIs in mice that had received fecal microbiome from respondents, so with marked presence of Akkermansia muciniphila. In addition, a significant reduction in the tumor dimension and increased immune cell accumulation at the cancerous microenvironment level were reported. Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.