Given the comprehensive effects of ABA treatment of A. stephensi larvae on adult female lifespan, reproduction and immunity to infection [20], parameters that we and others have causally linked to ilps and IIS (reviewed in [46]), and the transient changes in ilp3 and ilp4 expression that followed provisioning of ABA in a bloodmeal to adult female A. stephensi [25], we sought to examine ilp expression in adult female A. stephensi after emergence from ABA-treated and control larvae. This evidence concerns the gene XIAP and infection.