TNF and depressive symptom measurement: The most recent and comprehensive, to date, umbrella meta-analysis by Carvalho et al. [40] demonstrates that depression is associated with increased CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, sIL-2R, IGF-1, FGF-2, glutamate and lipid peroxidation markers, and decreased BDNF, total cholesterol, KYNA, KYNA/3HK and KYNA/QA.