KRAS and exocrine pancreatic carcinoma: Chronic pancreatitis and mutant Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog KRAS gene (Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) are the most common entities involved in pancreatic carcinogenesis, with more than 90% of human pancreatic carcinomas carrying the KRAS gene mutation [160,161].