At 10 WPI, mRNA levels of cecal Il-1β, Tnfα, Ifnγ, Il-17A, Il-13, iNos, and Il-6 were significantly higher in Hh-infected mice, irrespective of Hp infection or sex, except for Il-13 in Hh+Hp females and Il-6 in the mono-Hh females, when compared to the sham control or mono-Hp mice of both sexes (Figure S5, p < 0.05 or lower). Here, IL1B is linked to infection.