To investigate the role of phospho-p38 in TGF-β1-mediated, stroma-induced ALDH2 expression in AML cells, OCI-AML3 cells were treated with or without the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB-203580 (5 μM) and ALDH2 expression was measured by Western blotting. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and acute myeloid leukemia.