However, patients with ampulla of Vater (3-year survival rate, 34% vs 86%; P = 0.192; Fig 8D) and biliary tract cancers (3-year survival rate, 100% vs 25%; P = 0.250; Fig 8E) with VI showed a tendency of shorter disease-free survival by dual CD31‒desmin immunolabeling. This evidence concerns the gene PECAM1 and biliary tract cancer.