TNF and neoplasm: M1 tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) exert an antitumor function through the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, CXCL‐10, and interferon (IFN)‐γ and by increasing the levels of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) [33].