MTOR and neoplasm: Several pathways that have been reported to be involved in MSC-dependent pro-tumor activity displayed a strong up-regulation in primary MSCs compared to HS-27A cell line, including “angiogenesis,” “Wnt/β catenin signaling,” “KRAS signaling,” “PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling,” and many others (Wang et al., 2015; El-Badawy et al., 2017; Poggi et al., 2018; Adamo et al., 2019a; Figure 3D).