Most BPD associated inflammatory and growth factor biomarkers investigated, such as interleukin-6 or−8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, angiopoietin 2 and interferon-γ failed as predictors of BPD development (75) emphasizing the complex pathophysiology. Here, VEGFA is linked to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.