TCHP and hepatocellular carcinoma: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) inhibited autophagy in HCC cells by activating of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, thereby promoting proliferation, migration, and invasion (56). The c-Myc was a transcription factor that plays an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis, NELFE promoted HCC progression via enhancing MYC signaling (20). P53 as a tumor suppressor protein, inhibiting the p53 pathway, may promote HCC cells proliferation and inhibit apoptosis (57).