ANO1-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 has been demonstrated in urinary bladder carcinoma T24 cells and squamous cell carcinoma SCC-1 cells under normal cell culture growth conditions; and this effect was dependent on ANO1 activity, as the expression of ANO1 K610A mutant (with greatly reduced chloride conductance) had no such effect (Duvvuri et al., 2012). The gene discussed is ANO1; the disease is squamous cell carcinoma.