It has been noted that compared to other DM patients, the DEP patients present additional symptoms related to pancreatic disease, including decreased glucagon and somatostatin, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI), malabsorption of nutrients and micronutrients, severe and painful gastrointestinal symptoms, and nutritional deficiencies (Wynne et al., 2019). Here, GCG is linked to diabetes mellitus.