SMAD3 and neoplasm: Phosphorylation of SMAD3 was significantly reduced in the presence of TMEPAI in the muscles of C26 tumor-bearing mice (Figures 3E–G), and TMEPAI expression also attenuated transcriptional activation of SMAD2/3-target genes in C26 tumor-bearing mice, including Cyr61, and Igfn1 (Figures 3H,I).