MSTN and carcinoma: As myostatin and activins have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia, we next sought to determine if TMEPAI could prevent loss of muscle mass in a mouse model of cancer cachexia, induced by the subcutaneous growth of an implanted colon-26 (C26) carcinoma in male BALB/c mice (Aulino et al., 2010; Zhou et al., 2010; Winbanks et al., 2016).