TP53 and cancer: Genetic alterations in TP53, as a tumor suppressor oncogene, have been reported as a predominant mutated gene in many cancers (Bookstein et al., 1993; Carroll et al., 1993; Mirchandani et al., 1995; Sherr and McCormick, 2002; Dong, 2006; Kandoth et al., 2013).