RET and thyroid cancer: Based on previous reports, there are currently several biomarkers that have clinical implications for thyroid cancer including RET/PTC, RAS, BRAF, PAX8-PPARγ, MicroRNAs (miR-221, 222, and 181b), and activation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) (Albarel et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2012; Moses et al., 2010; Nikiforov et al., 2009; Pallante et al., 2006).