BRAF and cancer: The sporadic form of cancers is caused by the activation of proto-oncogenes like BRAF and KRAS as well as inactivation of some tumour suppressor genes (TSGs), such as APC and TP53 (17p13.1), or MMR genes like MLH1 and MSH2 (Pancione et al., 2012; Rasuck et al., 2012).