Ang II, one of the best characterized cardiovascular stressors, is the main effector of the renin‐angiotensin system, whose activation leads to hypertension, cell death, cardiac hypertrophy, inflammation, fibrosis, endothelial dysfunction and microvascular rarefaction, all major factors involved in HF pathogenesis.41, 42, 43. The gene discussed is REN; the disease is cardiac hypertrophy.