Finally, using PAR2-deficient mice or blocking receptor activation using specific antibodies or antagonists such as GB88 revealed an important role for PAR2 activation in the pathophysiology of a variety of IMID, including asthma, chronic pain, rheumatoid arthritis, periodontitis, inflammatory bowel diseases, skin diseases, cancer, fibrotic diseases, and neurological disease21. Here, F2RL1 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.