First, we found that the expression of MCPIP1, MCPIP2, and MCPIP4, but not that of MCPIP3, was increased in the liver tissue taken from patients with chronic HBV infection (n = 122), compared to healthy patients (n = 6) (Fig. S1A), based on the expression profiling of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) liver (GSE83148)9. Here, ZC3H12B is linked to chronic hepatitis B virus infection.