TNF and COVID-19: The cytokine profiling results reveal significantly increased levels of M-CSF (P = 0.001), IL-6 (P = 0.042), IL-1RA (P = 0.028), IP-10 (P = 0.02), IFNα2 (P = 0.013) and TNF-α (P = 0.0072) and trends towards significance for MCP-1 (P = 0.055), IFN-γ (P = 0.1), IL-2 (P = 0.15), IL-7 (P = 0.17), G-CSF (P = 0.11) in COVID-19-(+) plasma samples (Figure 5A).