NPPB and atrial fibrillation: The main findings were as follows: (1) Patients in the LAT/LA-SEC group had significantly higher SUA, BNP levels, LAd and lower LVEF than the control group; (2) Increased SUA and BNP, LA enlargement, LVEF reduction were independent risk factors and combining these four factors above is stronger than using any one single factor for predicting high stroke risk in non-valvular AF patients; (3) BNP levels in LAT group were significantly higher than LA-SEC group, which can be a modest predictor of higher stroke risk in AF patients with LA-SEC.