SPARC and prostate cancer: SPARC (osteonectin), cwcv and kazal-like domains proteoglycan 2 (SPOCK2) is known as a secreted protein that is acidic and cysteine-rich, playing a significant role in the development and progression of ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, and prostate cancer (Liu et al., 2019; Lou et al., 2019; Ren et al., 2019).