Specifically, TGF-β contributes to the development of lung fibrosis by stimulating the proliferation/differentiation of lung fibroblasts, accumulation of collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins in the pulmonary interstitial and alveolar space, leading to the occurrence and development of pulmonary fibrosis (Shimbori et al., 2016; Nithiananthan et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and pulmonary fibrosis.