ACE and cardiac hypertrophy: Although diastolic dysfunction with cardiac hypertrophy is an important determinant for the pathogenesis of HFPEF, all possible therapeutic candidates to inhibit cardiac hypertrophy, such as inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, i.e., ACE inhibitor, AngII antagonists, and aldosterone inhibitors, failed to improve prognosis of patients with HFPEF30.