AIF1 and Stroke: As shown in Fig. 3, similar to the reactive astrocytes, the expression of IBA1 in microglia also significantly increased in the ipsilateral central region of striatum and most parts of the hippocampus of the HI mice (Fig. 3C,F; striatum: 5.14 ± 0.15 in sham, 6.95 ± 0.75 in stroke, *P = 0.0325; CA1: 3.62 ± 0.14 in sham, 13.05 ± 3.68 in stroke, *P = 0.0209; CA3: 3.66 ± 0.09 in sham, 5.51 ± 0.43 in stroke, ***P = 0.0003; DG: 3.63 ± 0.19 in sham, 5.54 ± 0.58 in stroke, **P = 0.0065; unpaired t-test, N = 3).