Our previous studies have shown that cerebral ischemic preconditioning or ceftriaxone pretreatment can upregulate the GLT-1 protein expression, increase the uptake of glutamate by GLT-1, inhibit the increase of glutamate concentration, and thereby improve the survival of neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in rats suffering transient global brain ischemia for 8 min which usually induces delayed neuronal death25,47. Here, SLC1A2 is linked to brain ischemia.