T-cell activation is a key indicator of ICB therapy, which can be assessed by monitoring well-known surface markers (eg, CD69) and cytokine molecules (eg, IL-2, IFN-γ) enriched in activated T cells in human cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) or Jurkat leukemia T cell coculture systems.28 To evaluate whether treatment of NSCLC cells with frontline NSCLC chemotherapeutics can modulate T-cell activation, we measured the levels of secreted IL-2 and IFN-γ in human Jurkat T-cells or PBMCs, which include CD3+ T-lymphocytes, incubated either alone or in coculture with NSCLC cells. The gene discussed is CD69; the disease is leukemia.