The roles of NF-κB signaling in cancer have been linked to cancer progression via its function in preventing apoptosis and enhancing cell proliferation.57 58 Our data reveal that antimetabolites, pemetrexed and 5-FU, are capable of inducing the transcriptional activation of PD-L1 via the TS−ROS−NF-κB regulatory axis in NSCLC cells, providing an additional linkage between NF-κB signaling and chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression. Here, NFKB1 is linked to cancer.