Additionally, we demonstrated that 5-FU, an antimetabolic chemotherapeutic that is also known to target TS and inhibit DNA biosynthesis, has the potential to increase the intracellular level of ROS and result in the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway in NSCLC cells (online supplemental figure 6A-C). Here, NFKB1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.