IFNG and autoimmune disease: An abnormal production and imbalance of T helper (Th) lymphocyte cytokines was demonstrated to be involved in the development of autoimmune diseases (4), and Th1 cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-2 and -12 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and Th2 cytokines (e.g., IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13) are also implicated in the pathogenesis of SLE.