Is it extensively documented that during systemic acute diseases, such as endotoxemia and chronic diseases, such as asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF), neutrophils showed plasticity with the appearance in both mouse and human of neutrophil subsets, identified by differential expression of surface molecules including, CD177, CD49d, VEGF-R1, CD11b, CD18, and CXCR4, and displaying different functional responses, review by Silvestre-Roig et al. (2016). The gene discussed is ITGA4; the disease is cystic fibrosis.