CpG-ODNs promote the maturation of APCs and support the generation of antigen-specific B cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (35, 36). In humans, TLR‐9 is mainly expressed by B cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Several experimental models have shown that immune modulation by a TLR‐9 agonist (e.g., CpG‐28 or MGN1703) can activate both innate and adaptive immunity resulting in a significant tumor rejection; particularly when injected directly into the tumor (37, 38). Here, TLR9 is linked to neoplasm.