The proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells did not change (Figures S1D, E); however, an elevated level of IFNγ, which is known to promote lupus in both humans and MRL/lpr mice (35), was found in the serum of mice treated with vancomycin before disease onset (Figure 1J). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.