It is also important to note that although the Esr1tm1Ksk allele (knockout of full length ERα) and the Esr1tm4.2Ksk allele (complete knockout of ERα) both attenuated lupus nephritis in the NZM2410 strain, neither ERα knockout allele reduced anti-dsDNA autoantibodies in these mice (44, 45). This evidence concerns the gene ESR1 and lupus nephritis.