CCL2 and severe acute respiratory syndrome: In addition, the levels of IL-18, IFN-γ-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), monokines induced by IFN-γ, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were significantly higher in patients who died than in those who survived, suggesting that IFN-γ-related cytokine storms are involved in immunopathological injury in SARS patients (28).