We found that the plasma concentrations of 10 cytokines were significantly different among the non-AKI, Stage I AKI, Stage II AKI, and Stage III AKI groups, in which 6 cytokines including TNF-β, SCGF-β, IL-9, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, and IL-4, were the most significantly changed cytokines with the P < 1E–5 (Figures 2B, 5, Supplementary Figure S2, and Supplementary Table S1). This evidence concerns the gene IL9 and acute kidney injury.