We found that the plasma concentrations of 20 cytokines were significantly different between the AKI and non-AKI groups with the P < 0.05, in which 13 cytokines including TNF-β, IFN-γ, SCGF-β, IL-15, IL-9, IL-4, M-CSF, GM-CSF, SCF, IL-16, IL-12, IL-1RA, and MIP-1α, were the most significantly changed cytokines with the P < 1E–5 (Figures 2A, 4, Supplementary Figure S1, and Supplementary Table S1). Here, CSF2 is linked to acute kidney injury.