However, an important caveat is that in chronic-AF patients with heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction, atrial K2P3.1 expression is downregulated instead of upregulated, making it unlikely for IK2P blockers to be an efficient anti-AF approach in patients with structurally remodeled atria (Schmidt et al., 2017). The gene discussed is KCNK3; the disease is atrial fibrillation.