SMAD4 and posterior cortical atrophy: In metastatic PCa, a recent study by Wa et al.32 reported that miR-19a-3p expression is downregulated in bone metastatic PCa cells and tissues, and that upregulation of miR-19a-3p reduced invasion, migration and bone metastasis formation in PCa by targeting SMAD2/SMAD4/ TGF-β signalling pathway.