DDR1 and neoplasm: The results showed that the protein levels of DDR1 were significantly downregulated in subcutaneous tumour xenografts and lung metastases derived from miR-199b-5p-transfected cells, as compared to NC group (P = 0.003 for LNCaP cell group and P = 0.008 for PC-3 cell group, respectively), whereas the remarkably upregulated DDR1 expression levels were observed in the group from anti-miR-199b-5p-transfected cells (P = 0.006 for LNCaP cell group and P = 0.02 for PC-3 cell group, respectively) (Fig. 3e).