We studied four categories of experiments: one that compared CF vs. non-CF expression in relevant human tissues, and three types of in vitro rescue strategies: (1) low-temperature rescue; (2) RNAi-based rescue (namely, siRNA-mediated knockdown of SYVN1, NEDD8, or SIN3A, or overexpression of miR-138); and (3) chemical rescue via C18. Here, NEDD8 is linked to cystic fibrosis.