C3AR1 and Alzheimer disease: However, a recent study by El Gaamouch and colleagues reported that a peptide derived from cleavage of VGF, TLQP-21, signals via C3aR to enhance motility of and phagocytosis by microglia in vitro, reduces amyloid plaques and markers of dystrophic neurites, and reverses induction of AD genes in male 5xFAD mouse [88].