DPP4 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Ten of the T2DM HD patients were not taking medication, while 3 were maintained on insulin combined with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor and 12 were administered oral agents [dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor only (n = 9), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor plus glinide (n = 1), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor plus glinide plus α-glucosidase inhibitor (n = 2)].