Recently, Lebeaupin et al. reviewed available evidence linking ER stress to NAFLD and concluded that chronic ER stress can affect hepatic lipid metabolism directly by inducing de novo lipogenesis, and indirectly through the alteration of VLDL secretion, insulin signaling and autophagy (Lebeaupin et al. 2018). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.