Recent studies suggest that HMGB1 is a key protein participating in the pathogenesis of acute liver injuries and chronic liver diseases (Chen et al. 2013; Gaskell et al. 2018) with circulating HMGB1 levels correlating with severity of inflammation and fibrosis in NAFLD (Alisi et al. 2014; Ganz et al. 2015). The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.