TNF and autoimmune disease: Several studies have reported that immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG respond to various cytokines, including interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), in Mycobacterium infection, HIV infection, alveolar protein syndrome, and autoimmune diseases, with their effects differing, depending on the disease state [18,19,20,21].