MAVS and cancer: Previous studies have reported that RNA sensing pathways (i.e., mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS)-mediated), Toll-like receptor pathways (i.e., Myd88-, TRIF-, TLR4-, or TLR9-mediated), or DAMP sensing pathways (i.e., extracellular-ATP-mediated) were unnecessary for inducing antitumor CD8+ T cell responses, but STING was required, strongly suggesting that innate immune sensing of cancer is chiefly mediated by STING signaling [50].