VDAC1 and cancer: As VDAC1 has been proposed to be a metabolic checkpoint between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in the Warburg effect [10], known to affect most cancer cells, we first quantified mitochondrial respiration with the Seahorse XF by measuring the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in Cleavable#1/#2 and UnCleavable#1/#2 cells compared to Wt and Vdac1−/−.