VEGFA and cancer: In bone and bone-associated cancers, PEDF has been shown to regulate the expression components of bone extracellular matrix including collagen-I and heat shock protein-47 (HSP47) [49], as well as other factors associated with cancer cell metastasis including osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), plasminogen inhibitor activator (PAI)-1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Ras homolog family member A (RhoA), cell division control protein 42 homolog (cdc42), and myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) [50,51,52].