CREB1 and Alzheimer disease: Although our studies in both 3xTg and control mice suggest that Cr supplementation may upregulate PSD-95, possibly through distinct pathways in the pathological and typical mammalian brain (with evidence indicating CaMKII/NF-κB/PSD-95 in healthy conditions and CaMKII/CREB/PSD-95 in AD-like conditions), we cannot rule out sex-dependent effects on these molecular pathways implicated in synaptic plasticity and memory in the hippocampus as a contributing factor as well, given our lack of data on the effects of Cr supplementation in typical female mice.