MTOR and cystic kidney disease: Among several cancer pathways found to be dysregulated in ADPKD [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16], activation of the mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway was found to contribute to renal cyst cell proliferation in patients and ADPKD animal models [6,17,18,19,20,21].