Consistently, the overexpression of GCL was found to inhibit TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB, AP-1, and JNK in rat hepatoma cells [100], while increase in GSH synthesis was shown to down-regulate the NF-κB activation and TNF-α release in LPS-stimulated alveolar type II (AT-II) epithelial cells [101]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and hepatocellular carcinoma.