Third, blocking adenosine receptors with DPSPX (reflecting tonic activation of the adenosine A3 receptors) aggravated renal fibrosis (increased collagen staining in renal glomeruli), although it did not alter metabolic status and renal function except for a decrease in FENa+ and renal cortical production of H2O2. This evidence concerns the gene ADORA3 and renal fibrosis.