VEGFA and glomerulosclerosis: Indeed, although the activation of the adenosine A2B receptors might have beneficial effects at early and acute stages of renal damage due to immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory tissue repair [7] and restrain mesangial cell growth [8], it has been mostly associated with deleterious production of glomerular extracellular matrix, TGB-β1 [18], and VEGF [9,60], leading to glomerulosclerosis [18].