Breast cancer was the most common malignancy in females and these findings are in line with other national and international reports.3,13-15 While breast cancers are by and large non-preventable, various socioeconomic factors such as increased use of contraceptives, lack of breastfeeding, and obesity are known risk factors.20 Moreover, genetic factors, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, have been identified in Pakistani patients.21 Nevertheless, detailed epidemiological and mechanistic investigations are scarce to delineate risk factors for breast cancer pathogenesis in Pakistan. The gene discussed is BRCA1; the disease is breast cancer.